1. SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR EO-, AO- AND NONLINEAR APPLICATIONS
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top KDP, DKDP and ADP To Request Form

KDP (KH2PO4), DKDP (KD2PO4) and ADP (NH4H2PO4) are widely used as the second, third and fourth harmonic generators for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. Crystals are also widely used for electro-optical applications as Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ti:Sapphire and Alexandrite lasers, as well as for Pockels cells. The most commonly used electro-optical crystal is DKDP with a deuteration more than 98%.
These crystals are grown by a water-solution method and can be grown up to very large sizes. Therefore, they are as low-cost and large-size finished non-linear components available.
For frequency-doubling (SHG) and -tripling (THG) of Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm, both type I and type II phase-matchings can be employed for KDP and DKDP. For frequency - quadrupling (4HG, output at 266 nm) of Nd:YAG laser KDP crystal is normally recommended.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

KDP DKDP ADP
Transparency range, µm 0.174 - 1.57 0.2 - 2.1 0.18 - 1.53
Symmetry class 42m 42m 42m
Lattice parameters, Å a=b=7.453; c=6.975 a=b=7.469; c=6.976 a=b=7.499; c=7.549
Density, g/cm3 2.338 2.355 1.803
Mohs hardness 2.5 2.5 2.0
Refractive indexes:
at 407.8 nm no=1.52301; ne=1.47898 no=1.5185; ne=1.4772 no=1.53925; ne=1.49123

at 632.8 nm

 no=1.50737; ne=1.46685 no=1.5044; ne=1.4656 (at 623.4 nm) no=1.52195; ne=1.47727
at 1064 nm no=1.4938; ne=1.4599 no=1.4948; ne=1.4554 no=1.5071; ne=1.4685
Non-linear coefficient at 1.064 µm, pm/V d36 = 0.39 d36 = 0.37 d36 = 0.47
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 300 - 600 (1064 nm, 20 ns) >100 (1064 nm, 20 ns) 500 (1064 nm, 60 ns)

We provide as-cut unpolished blocks, polished high quality KDP and DKDP crystals in rods, squares or other shapes according to our customer's requirements.
DKDP crystals can be supplied with a deuteration level of >94%, >96% and >98%.
top LITHIUM IODATE To Request Form
α-Lithium Iodate (α-LiIO3) crystal is an uniaxial non-linear crystal with high non-linear optical coefficients and wide transparency range. It is used for frequency doubling of the low and medium power Ti:Sapphire, Alexandrite and other lasers. In some cases it is used for frequency doubling and -tripling of Nd:YAG lasers and auto-correlators to measure ultrashort pulse width.

APPLICATIONS:

  • From second to forth harmonic generations of the fundamental laser emission in the range from 690 to 2000 nm
  • Optical parametric oscillation, obtaining of the tuned radiation in the ranges from 800 to 4000 nm
  • Frequency multiplication and mixing in transparency crystal range from 280 to 5500 nm
  • Measurement of parameters of ultra-short laser pulses including of the single ones
  • Visualisation of IR radiation to obtain the object image by non-linear optical methods

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, µm 0.28 - 5.50
Point group 6
Lattice parameters, Å a = 5.4813; c = 5.1717
Density, g/cm3 4.5
Mohs hardness 4
Thermal expansion coefficient, at 293 °K:
parallel to z-axis 48 x 10-6 x K-1
perpendicular to z-axis 28 x 10-6 x K-1
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm no = 1.8517; ne = 1.7168
at 633 nm no = 1.8830; ne = 1.7367
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d14 = 0.22; d31 = 13.7; d33 = 5.86
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 500 ± 200 (1064 nm, 20 ns)
Conversion efficiency, % 50 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 50 Hz, 2 W)
  35 (780 nm, 20 ns, 20 Hz, 2 W)
Chemical properties hygroscopic
We supply as-cut blanks up to 100 x 100 x 100 mm3, as well as optical elements made according to customer's order.
The surfaces of KDP, DKDP and LiIO3 crystals can be easily moistened. Customers should be very careful in the maintenance of crystal surfaces. The sealed housing is recommended for these crystals.
top BBO To Request Form
ß-Barium Borate (ß-BaB2O4 or BBO) is an excellent optical non-linear crystal developed recently. It exhibits broad phase matching range, high non-linearity (about 6 times more than that of KDP), high optical damage threshold, good mechanical and temperature stability. This trigonal uniaxial crystal possesses wide transparency range from 190 nm up to 2500 nm.

APPLICATIONS:

  • For harmonic generation (SHG, THG, 4HG, 5HG) of Nd:YAG laser, SHG, THG of Ti: Sapphire, Alexandrite lasers
  • For tunable solid state lasers using OPO (pumped by 355, 532 or 1064 nm)
  • For UV sources from SHG, SFG of dye lasers
  • For autocorrelation (in thin plates) in shortpulse (ps and fs) lasers

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 190 - 2500
Point group 3m
Space group R3c
Lattice parameters, Å a = 12.532; c = 12.717
Density, g/cm3 3.85
Mohs hardness 4
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm ne = 1.5425; no = 1.6551
at 532 nm ne = 1.5555; no = 1.6749
at 355 nm ne = 1.5775; no = 1.7055
at 266 nm ne = 1.6139; no = 1.7570
at 213 nm ne = 1.6742; no = 1.8465
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d22 = 1.6; d31 = 0.08
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 >5000 (1064 nm, 10 ns)
Conversion efficiency, % 30 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 3 W)
35 (1780 nm, 20 ns, 20 Hz, 2 W)
20 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 50 Hz, 2 W)
Chemical properties slightly hygroscopic
Max. size of element, mm3 4 x 4 x 18
top LBO To Request Form
Lithium Triborate (LiB3O5 or LBO) single crystals possess such unique features, as wide transparency range from VUV to IR, high optical damage threshold, high effective non-linear coefficients and non-critical phase matching availability, as well as very small walk-off angle. LBO boules are grown with an improved high temperature flux method. LBO

APPLICATIONS:

  • SHG from high-power laser: Nd:YAG, Ti: Sapphire, Alexandrite, Cu-vapor lasers
  • THG of Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ti:Sapphire and Alexandrite lasers
  • Tunable laser systems, using UV (308, 355 nm), visible (532 nm) or IR (1064 nm) for pumping in OPO, OPA processes
  • Phase matching cut off: at fundamental 554 nm for SHG, at 794 nm for THG, down to 160 nm for SFM
  • Autocorrelation measurements of ultrashort optical pulses

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 160 - 2600
Point group mm2
Space group Pna21
Lattice parameters, Å a = 8.4473; b = 7.3788; c = 5.1395; z = 2
Density, g/cm3 2.47
Mohs hardness 6
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm nx = 1.5656; ny = 1.5905; nz = 1.6055
at 532 nm nx = 1.5785; ny = 1.6065; nz = 1.6212
at 355 nm nx = 1.5973; ny = 1.6286; nz = 1.6444
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d32 = 1.16
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 >10 000 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 50 Hz)
Conversion efficiency, % >70 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 50 Hz, 2 W)
  30 (800 nm, 20 ns, 50 Hz, 2 W)
  55 (1064 nm, quasi CW, 2 W)
  50 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 3 W)
Chemical properties non-hygroscopic
Max. size of element, mm3 10 x 10 x 20
top CLBO To Request Form
This new non-linear crystal Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB6O10 or CLBO) suits well for UV applications and generates the 4th. and 5th. harmonics of the Nd:YAG fundamental laser wavelength. CLBO is transparent down to 190 nm and can be phase matched for type-II SHG to 640 nm and type-I to 477 nm. CLBO is more readily grown than BBO as it melts congruently and it can be grown directly from the melt which eliminates the scatter seen in BBO due to the flux inclusions. CLBO has excellent non-linear optical properties - larger angular and spectral bandwidths than BBO. It also has a lower deff than BBO, but a smaller walk-off angle and high damage threshold: 26 GW/cm2, twice that of BBO. We supply as-cut blanks, as well as optical elements made according to customer's order.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 180 - 2750
Point group I42d
Mohs hardness 4
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm no= 1.4852; ne = 1.4353
at 532 nm no = 1.4985; ne = 1.4462
Non-linear coefficient at 1064 nm, pm/V d36 = 0.86
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 26 000 (1064 nm; 1,1 ns pulses)
Chemical properties slightly hygroscopic
Max. size of element, mm3 7 x 7 x 15
MolTech offers single-band and dual-band AR-coatings for CLBO at 1064 nm and 532 nm. The AR-coatings are characterised by low reflectance (less than 0.2% at 1064 nm and 0.4% at 532 nm), high damage threshold, anti-moisture and long durability. The AR-coatings at other wavelengths are also available at request.
top KTP To Request Form
Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO4 or KTP) is an excellent non-linear crystal. It exhibits high optical quality, broad transparent range, relatively high effective SHG coefficient (about 3 times higher than that of KDP), very high optical damage threshold, wide acceptance angle, small walk-off and type I and type II non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) in a wide wavelength range. KTP is the most commonly used material for frequency doubling of Nd:YAG lasers and other Nd-doped lasers, particularly at the low or medium power density.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 350 - 4500
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Point group mm2
Space group Pna21
Lattice parameters, Å a = 12.814; b = 6.404; c = 10.616
Mohs hardness 5
Density, g/cm3 3.03
Thermal expansion coefficient, at 100 °C: α1 = 8.7 x 10-6 x °C-1
α2 = 10.5 x 10-6 x °C-1
α3 = -0.2 x 10-6 x °C-1
Thermal conductivity, mW x cm -1 x °C -1 k1 = 20, k2 = 30, k3 = 33
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d31 = 6.5; d32 = 5.0; d33 = 13.7; d34 = 7.6; d35 = 6.1;
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm nx = 1.738; ny = 1.746; nz = 1.830
at 532 nm nx = 1.779; ny = 1.789; nz = 1.889
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 500 (1064 nm, 20 ns, 20 Hz)
Conversion efficiency, % 60 (1064 nm, 10 ns, 50 Hz, 2 W)
We supply plates up to 10 x 10 x 20 mm3 upon customer's order.
top KTA To Request Form
Potassium Titanyl Arsenate (KTiOAsO4 or KTA) is an excellent optical non-linear crystal developed recently for non-linear optical and electrooptical device applications. KTA
These non-linear optical and electrooptical coefficients are higher in comparison with KTP and they have the added benefit of significantly reduced absorption in the 2.0 - 5.0 µm region. The large non-linear coefficients are combined with broad angular and temperature bandwidths. Additional advantages of the Arsenates are low dielectric constants, low loss tangent and ionic conductivities orders of magnitude less than KTP. Single crystals of these Arsenates are chemically and thermally stable, non-hygroscopic and are highly resistant to high intensity laser radiation.
Crystals of KTA are important for second harmonic generation (SHG), sum and difference frequency generation (SFG)/(DFG), optical parametric oscillation (OPO), electrooptical Q-switching and modulation and as substrates for optical waveguides. OPO devices based on these crystals are reliable, solid state sources of tunable laser radiation exhibiting energy conversion efficiencies above 50%. KTA has a very high damage threshold. No optical damage was observed at the levels of 10 - 20 GW/cm2 with the picosecond dye laser. This crystal is grown using high temperature flux technique.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 350 - 5500
Point group mm2
Space group Pna21
Density, g/cm3 3.45
Lattice parameters, Å a = 13.103, b = 6.558, c = 10.746
Mohs hardness 3
Refractive indexes:
at 1064 nm nx = 1.782; ny = 1.790; nz = 1.863
at 632.8 nm nx = 1.805; ny = 1.814; nz = 1.911
Electro-optic coefficient, pm/V r13 = 15 ± 1, r23 = 21 ± 1, r33 = 40 ± 1
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d = 1.6 (± 0.2) x dKTP
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 >10 000 (1064 nm, 70 ps)
Chemical properties non-hygroscopic
We supply elements up to 7 x 7 x 20 mm3 by customer's order.
top KB5 To Request Form
Potassium Pentaborate (KB5O8*4H2 O or KB5).

APPLICATIONS:

  • Second to sixth harmonics generation for the fundamental laser radiation in the range from 434 to 1302 nm
  • Sum and difference frequency generation
  • Optical parametric oscillation
  • Conversation of tuned dye lasers radiation
  • Measurements of ultra-short dye laser pulses parameters

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, nm 160 - 1440
Point group mm2
Density, g/cm3 1.74
Mohs hardness 3 (approximately)
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d31 = 4.56 x 10-2; d32 = 0.33 x 10-2
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 1000 (530 nm, 20 ns, 15 Hz)
Conversion efficiency, % >10 (434 nm, 2 W)
Chemical properties can be dehydrated
KB5 single crystals are grown from aqueous solutions. We supply as-cut blanks, as well as elements made according to customer's order.
top TELLURIUM DIOXIDE To Request Form
Laser quality Tellurium Dioxide (TeO2 or Paratellurite) is an excellent piezo-optical material. It is extensively used because of it's high acousto-optical figure of merit in making acousto-optical modulators, imaging devices, splitters, deflectors, tunable polarisation filters, radio frequency spectral analysers and other acousto-optoelectronic equipment for laser radiation control. TeO2 crystals are grown by Czochralsky method, it has higher damage threshold and better optical quality if compared with TeO2 crystals grown by some other methods.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, µm 0.33 - 5.0
Point group D4-422
Lattice parameters, Å a = 4.796; c = 7.626
Density, g/cm3 6.0
Mohs hardness 4 (approximately)
Refractive indexes:  
at 1064 nm no = 2.2005; ne = 2.3431
at 632.8 nm no = 2.2585; ne = 2.4114
Acoustic velocity, m/s:
Longitudinal wave propagating along <001> 4260
Shear wave propagating along <110> 617
Thermal expansion coefficient, at 293 °K
parallel to <110> 19.5 x 10-6 x °K-1
parallel to <001> 6.1 x 10-6 x °K-1
Thermal conductivity, mW x cm -1 x °K -1 30
Elastic stiffness at 293 °K, x 1011 dynes x cm-2 C11 = 5.32; 5.6 C33 = 10.85; 10.51
  C12 = 4.86; 5.16 C44 = 2.44; 2.70
C13 = 2.12; 2.72 C66 = 5.52; 6.68
High quality crystals with large dimensions are routinely fabricated and stocked for quick delivery.
We supply as-grown crystals (boules) TeO2 up to following sizes:
- along<110>axis - 40-50 mm
- diameter - 70 mm,
as well as plates made of them by customer's order.
top LEAD MOLYBDATE To Request Form
Lead Molybdate (PbMoO4 or PM) crystal is one of the most efficient materials used for acousto-optic devices. It has been extensively used for acousto-optic modulators, deflectors and phase-shifters.
Crystals of Lead Molybdate with the diameter up to 60 mm and 60 - 80 mm length are grown by Czochralsky-Kyropulos method. Lead Molybdate AO elements possesses low optical losses, high optical homogeneity, stability to laser radiation. High crystal homogeneity also allows vacuum thermo - pressure bonding for large aperture devices.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, µm 0.42 - 5.5
Crystal structure tetragonal
Density, g/cm3 6.95
Mohs hardness 3
Refractive indexes:
at 0.480 µm no = 2.5136; ne = 2.3409
at 0.644 µm no = 2.3808; ne = 2.2581
at 1.500 µm no = 2.2808; ne = 2.1817
at 3.500 µm no = 2.2360; ne = 2.1507
Acoustic velocity, longitudinal wave propagating along <001>, m/s 3750
Acoustic attenuation at 500 MHz, dB/cm 2.5
Acousto-optic figure of Merit M2, s3 /g 37 x 10-18
top SILVER THIOGALLATE and
SILVER SELENOGALLATE 		To Request Form
Silver Thiogallate (AgGaS2) has been demonstrated to be an efficient frequency doubling crystal for infrared radiation such as the 10.6 µm output of CO2 lasers. It has also been shown as an excellent crystal for non-linear three-wave interactions. AgGaS2, AgGaSe2
With suitable pump lasers, AgGaS2 optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) can produce continuously tunable radiation over a wide range of wavelengths in the infrared. Using 2050 nm pump laser, an optimally designed AgGaS2 OPO is tunable from about 2.5 to 12.0 µm. The output range can be extended by the sum or difference frequency mixing (SFM/DFM). This crystal has a high non-linear coefficient, high damage threshold, and a wide transmission range. It also has low optical absorption and scattering, low wavefront distortion. Among commercially available crystals, AgGaS2 has the highest figure of merit for non-linear interactions in the near and deep infrared. The availability of this crystal has stimulated new activities exploiting its interesting properties. Potential applications include wavelength selectable medical procedures and a wide variety of spectroscopic applications. It is useful for high performance IR waveplates.
A closely related crystal, Silver Selenogallate (AgGaSe2), is also available. It's bulk quality is excellent across the transmission range. There is no residual e-ray absorption centred around 1800 nm. The phase matching and non-linear optical properties of AgGaSe2 allow various SFM/DFM interactions from the visible to mid-IR, these includes non-critically phase matched DFM using selected wavelengths (available from tunable dye and Ti:Sapphire lasers) and OPO's pumped with commonly available Nd:YAG lasers.

APPLICATIONS:

  • Second harmonic generation of CO2 lasers
  • Up-conversion of CO2 laser radiation image into near-IR or visible region by using/ or use of Nd:YAG, ruby or dye lasers with efficiency up to 30 %
  • Frequency mixing in the middle IR region from 4.0 to 18.3 µm
  • Tuneable solid state lasers (OPO pumped by Nd:YAG and others lasers operating in 1200 to 10000 nm region with efficiency 0.1 to 10 %)
  • Optical narrow-band filters in the region near isotropic point (0.4974 m at 300 °K), transmission band being tuned at temperature variation
MAIN PROPERTIES:
  AgGaS2 AgGaSe2
Transparency range, µm 0.46 - 12 0.65 - 18
Point group 42m 42m
Lattice parameters, Å a = 5.757, c = 10.302 a = 5.992, c = 10.886
Density, g/cm3 4.58 5.71
Mohs hardness 3.0 - 3.5 3.0 - 3.5
Refractive indexes:
at 1.06 µm no = 2.4521; ne = 2.3990 no = 2.7010; ne = 2.6792
at 3.0 µm no = 2.4080; ne = 2.3545 no = 2.6245; ne = 2.5925
at 5.3 µm no = 2.3945; ne = 2.3408 no = 2.6134; ne = 2.5808
at 10.6 µm no = 2.3472; ne = 2.2934 no = 2.5912; ne = 2.5579
at 12 µm no = 2.3266; ne = 2.2716 no = 2.5837; ne = 2.5505
Non-linear coefficient at 10.6 µm, pm/V d36 = 11.1 d36 = 33
Optical damage threshold at 10.6 µm, 150 ns, MW/cm2 10 - 20 10 - 20
Thermal expansion coefficient
parallel to c-axis 12.5 x 10-6 x °C-1 16.8 x 10-6 x °C-1
perpendicular to c-axis -13.2 x 10-6 x °C-1 -7.8 x 10-6 x °C-1
We supply AgGaSe2 and AgGaS2 optical elements, sized up to 15 x 15 x 25 mm3, polished, with single-band and dual-band AR-coatings upon customer's order. The AR-coatings are characterized by low reflectance, high damage threshold and long durability.
top MERCURY THIOGALLATE To Request Form

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Chemical formula HgGa2S4
Transparency range, µm 0.55 - 13.00
Negative uniaxial crystal no > ne
Point group 4
Mohs hardness 3 - 3.5
Density, g/cm3 4.95
Energy gap, eV 2.34
Refractive indexes at T = 20°C, orange phase:  
at 0.6 µm no = 2.6915; ne = 2.6264
at 0.8 µm no = 2.5228; ne = 2.4741
at 1.064 µm no = 2.4806; ne = 2.4356
at 2.0 µm no = 2.4432; ne = 2.4005
at 4.0 µm no = 2.4286; ne = 2.3869
at 6.43 µm no = 2.4123; ne = 2.3704
at 10.6 µm no = 2.3688; ne= 2.3268
Refractive indexes at T = 20°C, yellow phase:
at 0.6 µm no = 2.6187; ne = 2.5562
at 0.8 µm no = 2.5276; ne = 2.4747
at 0.9 µm no = 2.5064; ne = 2.4544
at 1.064 µm no = 2.4845; ne = 2.4352
at 2.0 µm no = 2.4468; ne = 2.4001
at 8.93 µm no = 2.3929; ne = 2.3466
at 10.6 µm no = 2.3723; ne = 2.3261
Non-linear coefficient 1.8 (AgGaS2)
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 60 - 90 at surface (1064nm, 10 ns)
top LITHIUM THIOINDATE To Request Form
Non-linear characteristics of Lithium Thioindate (LiInS2 or LIS) crystal are close to AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2, but their crystal structures are different. LiInS2 is pyroelectric, its electrooptical parameters are the base for using it as an effective electrooptical material. LIS

APPLICATIONS:

  • For second harmonic generation of CO2-lasers
  • For up-conversion of CO2-laser radiation image into near-IR or visible region
  • For frequencies mixing in the middle IR region
  • For tunable solid state lasers using OPO, pumped by Nd:YAG and others lasers in range 1.2 - 10 µm

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Transparency range, µm 0.35 - 12.50
Point group mm2
Lattice parameters, Å a = 6.887, b = 8.05, c = 6.474
Density, g/cm3 3.5
Mohs hardness 5
Refractive indexes:
at 0.7 µm nx = 2.212; ny = 2.171; nz = 2.220
at 10.5 µm nx = 2.059; ny = 2.023; nz = 2.062
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d31 = 8; d32 = 7; d33 = 18
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 >100 (1064nm, 10 ns)
Chemical properties non-hygroscopic
We supply LiInS2 optical elements up to 5 x 5 x 10 mm3, orientated, polished, with single-band and dual-band AR-coatings.
top ZINC-GERMANIUM DIPHOSPHIDE To Inquiry
Zinc-Germanium Diphosphide (ZnGeP2) single crystals are the highly-effective non-linear optical material for the middle IR-range. ZnGeP2 crystals have positive birefringence which allows one to carry out the phasematched parametric frequency conversion of optical radiation in all the range of their background transparency spectrum from 0.75 to 12.0 µm. We offer optical elements with dimensions up to 15 x 15 x 15 mm3. ZnGeP2

APPLICATIONS:
  • Second, third and fourth harmonic generation of CO2-laser
  • Second harmonic generation of CO-laser
  • Generation of combined frequencies of CO2- and CO-lasers radiation and other lasers are working in the crystal transparency region
  • Optical parametric generation with pumping at wavelength 2.0 µm
  • Producing coherent radiation in submillimeterrange from 70.0 µm to 1000 µm

ADVANTAGES:

  • High optical damage threshold
  • Negligible weak Walkoff effect
  • High resistance to the aggressive mediums and mechanical strength
  • High stability to the thermal effects
MAIN PROPERTIES:
Transparency range, µm 0.75 - 12.0
Point group 42m
Density, g/cm3 4.12
Mohs hardness 5.5
Refractive indexes:
at 2.00 µm no = 3.1490; ne = 3.1889
at 4.00 µm no = 3.1223; ne = 3.1608
at 6.00 µm no = 3.1101; ne = 3.1480
at 8.00 µm no = 3.0961; ne = 3.1350
at 10.00 µm no = 3.0788; ne = 3.1183
at 12.00 µm no = 3.0552; ne = 3.0949
Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d36 = 68.9 (at 10.6 µm), d36 = 75.0 (at 9.6 µm)
Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 60 (at 10.6 µm, 150 ns)
top GALLIUM SELENIDE To Request Form
Another material, which is very suitable for SHG in the mid-IR is Gallium Selenide (GaSe) single crystal, combining a large non-linear coefficient, a high damage threshold and a wide transparency range. The frequency-doubling properties of GaSe were studied in the wavelength range between 6.0 µm and 12.0 µm. GaSe
For wavelength greater than 13.0 µm the angles of incidence become prohibitively large due to the cut along the (001) plane. Furthermore, the crystal shows appreciable walk-off between the fundamental and the generated second harmonic. External conversion efficiencies between 8% and 22% were reached, depending on the wavelength. At wavelength of 7.8 µm a direct comparison of ZnGeP2 and GaSe under idential experimental conditions was made, where all efficiency factors could be neglected. The deduced ratio of the non-linear coefficient of ZnGeP2 and GaSe is 2.1.

APPLICATIONS:

  • For second harmonic generation of CO2-lasers
  • For up-conversion of CO2-laser radiation image into near-IR or visible region
  • For frequencies mixing in the middle IR region
  • For differencial frequencies generation (DFG) in the middle IR region from 5.5 to 18.0 µm
  • For tunable solid state lasers using OPO, pumped by Nd:YAG and others lasers

    MAIN PROPERTIES:

    Transparency range, µm 0.62 - 18.00
    Point group 62m
    Lattice parameters, Å a = 3.74; c = 15.89
    Density, g/cm3 5.03
    Mohs hardness 2
    Refractive indexes:
    at 5.3 µm no = 2.8340; ne = 2.4599
    at 10.6 µm no = 2.8136; ne = 2.4389
    Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d22 = ~70
    Optical damage threshold, MW/cm2 28 (9.3 µm, 150 ns); 0.5 (10.6 µm, in CW mode)
    Chemical properties non-hygroscopic
    • top BGO and BSO To Request Form
    Bismuth Silicon Oxide (Bi12SiO20 or BSO) and Bismuth Germanium Oxide (Bi12GeO20 or BGO) single crystals are grown by Czochralsky method.
    BSO and BGO crystals have been widely used in photorefractive, photoconductive, electro-optical and acousto-optical applications including two-wave mixing, four-wave mixing, phase conjugation, real-time holography, optical data storage, optical computing, electro-optical modulation or as a scintillating material in:
    • Nuclear spectrometry
    • Positron-emission tomography
    • Anti-Compton
    • Well logging
    Orientated, polished, with single-band and dual-band AR-coatings optical elements are available to customers' specifications. The AR-coatings are characterised by low reflectance, high damage threshold and long durability.

    MAIN PROPERTIES:
      BSO BGO
    Transparency range, µm 0.4 - 6 0.4 - 7
    Point group 23 23
    Crystal system cubic cubic
    Lattice parameters, Å 10.104 10.145
    Density, g/cm3 9.14 9.2
    Mohs hardness 6 5
    Refractive index, at 0.63 µm 2.55 2.54
    Electroptical coefficient at 0.63 µm, pm/V r41 = 5.0 r41 = 3.5
    top LNB and LTA To Request Form
    Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3 or LNB) and Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3 or LTA) possess a combination of unique electro-optical, acoustic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric and non-linear optical properties making it a suitable material for applications in acoustic, electro-optical and non-linear optical devices, high-temperature acoustic transducers, receivers-transmitters of acoustic vibrations, air force acceleration meters, acoustic wave delay lines, deflectors, generators of non-linear distorted waves, acoustic filters, electro-optical Q-modulators (Q-switch), encoders-decoders, filters in television receivers, video-recorders and decoders, converters, frequency doublers and resonators in laser systems, non-linear elements in parametric light generators, etc. An indispensable condition of some of these applications is a high degree of optical uniformity of Lithium Niobate crystals used for fabrication of active elements. Crystal growth technology by low temperature-gradient Czochralsky method allows the growth of large-size high-quality LNB (up to 1-1.5 kg) and LTA single crystals for such non-conventional applications. It should be noted that both crystals are non-hygroscopic, colourless, water-insoluble and have low transmission losses.

    We provide:
    • LiNbO3 for surface acoustic wave wafers and AO modulators in wafers, as-cut boules with dia. up to 80 mm and length up to 100 mm, finished components and custom fabricated elements.
    • LiNbO3 for electro-optical modulator and Q-switch for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Ti:Sapphire lasers as well as modulator for fiber optics, etc. The transverse modulation is mostly employed for LiNbO3 crystal.
    • LiNbO3 for using as frequency doubler for wavelength >1 mm and optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped at 1064 nm as well as quasi-phase-matched waveguide doublers. It has large effective non-linear coefficients.
    MAIN PROPERTIES:
      LNB LTA
    Transparency range, µm 0.4 - 5 0.4 - 5
    Point group 3m 3m
    Space group R3c R3c
    Lattice parameters (hexagonal), Å a = 5.148, c = 13.863 a = 5.154, c = 13.784
    Density, g/cm3 4.64 7.45
    Mohs hardness 5 5.5
    Refractive indexes : no = 2.28647, ne = 2.20240 (at 0.633 µm) no = 2.183, ne = 2.188 (at 0.6 µm)
    no = 2.2273, ne = 2.1515 (at 1.1523 µm) no = 2.131, ne = 2.134 (at 1.2 µm)
    Non-linear coefficient at 1.06 µm, pm/V d22 = 5.6, d31 = -11.6, d33 = 8.6 d22 = 2, d31 = -1, d33 = -21
    Electroptical coefficient at 0.63 µm, pm/V r31 = 8.6, r22 = 3.4, r33 = 30.8, r51 = 28 r13 = 8, r22 = -0.2, r33 = 30
    MolTech provides LiNbO3crystals with high optical quality for frequency doublers, OPO and quasi-phase-matched waveguide substrates, as finished elements with aperture up to 20 x 20 mm2 and length of up to 50 mm, plates up to 45 x 45 x (0.5-1) mm3 or wafers up to dia. 3" x (0.5-1.0) mm.
    MolTech offers LiTaO3 crystals with high optical quality as finished elements or blanks at your request.
    Orientation, polishing, single-band and dual-band AR-coatings by customer's order. The AR-coatings are characterized by low reflectance, high damage threshold and long durability.
    top LITHIUM TETRABORATE To Request Form
    Lithium Tetraborate (Li2B4O7) has attracted much attention as a newly developed single crystal which has potential application to surface acoustic wave devices. Li2B4O7
    It is characterized by a low-temperature coefficient of the delay time, high electro-mechanical coupling constant and large piezoelectric constant.

    APPLICATIONS:

  • Harmonic generation (SHG, THG, 4HG, 5HG) of YAG lasers
  • High power ultraviolet light source based on SHG and SFH of the visible laser radiation
  • In BAW and SAW devices

    MAIN PROPERTIES:

    Transparency range, µm 0.16 - 3.6
    Point group 4mm
    Space group I41cd
    Lattice parameters, Å a = 9.479; c = 10.297
    Density, g/cm3 2.44
    Mohs hardness 5
    Refractive indexes:
    at 266 nm no = 1.6664; ne = 1.6031
    at 532 nm no = 1.6139; ne = 1.5564
    at 1064 nm no = 1.5980; ne = 1.5432
    Non-linear coefficient, pm/V d31 = 0.15
    Temperature acceptance, °C x cm 3.5
    Angle acceptance 1.52° x cm1/2
    Temperature SHG tuning (Δ λ/Δ T) 9.3 x 10E-3 nm/°C
    Dielectric constant ε11T/ε0 = 82.61; ε11S/ε0 = 78.80;
      ε33T/ε0 = 87.92; ε33S/ε0 = 71.45;
    Thermal expansion coefficient a11 = 11.1 x 10-6 x °K-1; a33 = 3.74 x 10-6 x °K-1
    Elastic stiffness, 1010 N/m2 C11E = 13.5; C33E = 5.68; C12E = 0.375
      C44E = 5.85; C13E = 3.35; C55E = 14.67;
    Piezoelectric stress constants, C/m2 e15 = 0.45; e31 = 0.209; e33 = 0.928
    • top BARIUM NITRATE To Inquiry
    Barium Nitrate Ba(NO3)2 is a new material for SRS converters that provides non-linear conversion of frequency radiation in lasers due to stimulated Raman Scattering Effect (SRS).

    APPLICATIONS:

    • As frequency converter in tunable lasers for expansion tuning range
    • For production of additional emission band combined with elements of doubling and summation of frequency
    • As optical filter for wave band 1.8 - 2.4 µm

    MAIN PROPERTIES:
    Transmission range, µm 0.35 - 1.80
    Syngony cubic
    Symmetry, space group P213
    Lattice parameter, Å 8.11
    Density, g/cm3 3.25
    Mohs hardness 2.5 - 3.0
    Refractive indexes:
    at 0.5481 µm 1.5758
    at 1.064 µm 1.5551
    at 2.00 µm 1.5452
    at 2.50 µm 1.5399
    Stocks frequency shift, cm-1 1047
    Relative optical uniformity, Δ n/cm (3 - 7) x 10-6

    Optical uniformity of Barium Nitrate crystals is comparable with the quality of Barium- and Calcium-Fluoride optical crystals. Anomalous birefrigence in some areas does not exceed 5 nm/cm.
    Barium Nitrate crystals ensure the following characteristics of SHG-conversion for Nd-laser (0.53 µm):

    • Radiation wavelength for 40-50 % conversion - 580 nm
    • Radiation wavelength for 15 % conversion - 600 nm
    Achived radiation conversion efficiences into first and second Stock's are 60% and 19% respectively.


    For information about Solid State Raman Shifter please call our page
    "LASER COMPONENTS"


    We can provide the specifications for this group of crystals as follows:

    Aperture tolerance, mm +0.1/-0.0
    Length tolerance, mm +0.1/-0.0
    Orientation accuracy of phase matching angle, arc x min ± 30
    Orientation accuracy of azimuth angle, arc x min ± 30
    Optical quality of surfaces, scratch/dig 10/5
    Flatness at λ = 633 nm λ/5
    Parallelism, arc.sec < 10
    Perpendicularity, arc.min < 5